Transmission power for dual connectivity

ABSTRACT

Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for transmission power for dual connectivity. One method includes operating a UE with DC comprising connectivity with a first cell group and a second cell group; receiving a configuration message configuring the UE with a first maximum transmission power for transmissions on the first cell group, and a second maximum transmission power for transmissions on the second cell group; determining, at a UE, a transmission time for a first transmission on a first serving cell of the first cell group; and determining a cut-off time for power determination for the first transmission, wherein the cut-off time is based on the transmission time for the first transmission offset by an offset time, and the offset time is based on a function of a first UE processing time and a second UE processing time.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application Ser. No.62/826,970 entitled “APPARATUSES, METHODS, AND SYSTEMS FOR DYNAMIC POWERSHARING FOR NR DUAL CONNECTIVITY” and filed on Mar. 29, 2019 for EbrahimMolavianJazi, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

The subject matter disclosed herein relates generally to wirelesscommunications and more particularly relates to transmission power fordual connectivity.

BACKGROUND

The following abbreviations are herewith defined, at least some of whichare referred to within the following description: Third GenerationPartnership Project (“3GPP”), 5^(th) Generation (“5G”), QoS for NRCommunication (“5QI/PQI”), Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting(“AAA”), Positive-Acknowledgment (“ACK”), Authentication and KeyAgreement (“AKA”), Aggregation Level (“AL”), Access and MobilityManagement Function (“AMF”), Angle of Arrival (“AoA”), Angle ofDeparture (“AoD”), Access Point (“AP”), Access Stratum (“AS”),Authentication Server Function (“AUSF”), Authentication Token (“AUTN”),Beam Failure Detection (“BFD”), Beam Failure Recovery (“BFR”), BinaryPhase Shift Keying (“BPSK”), Base Station (“BS”), Buffer Status Report(“BSR”), Bandwidth (“BW”), Bandwidth Part (“BWP”), Cell RNTI (“C-RNTI”),Carrier Aggregation (“CA”), Contention-Based Random Access (“CBRA”),Clear Channel Assessment (“CCA”), Common Control Channel (“CCCH”),Control Channel Element (“CCE”), Cyclic Delay Diversity (“CDD”), CodeDivision Multiple Access (“CDMA”), Control Element (“CE”),Contention-Free Random Access (“CFRA”), Cell Group (“CG”), Closed-Loop(“CL”), Coordinated Multipoint (“CoMP”), Channel Occupancy Time (“COT”),Cyclic Prefix (“CP”), Cyclical Redundancy Check (“CRC”), Channel StateInformation (“CSI”), Channel State Information-Reference Signal(“CSI-RS”), Common Search Space (“CSS”), Control Resource Set(“CORESET”), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread (“DFTS”), DualConnectivity (“DC”), Downlink Control Information (“DCI”), Downlink(“DL”), Demodulation Reference Signal (“DMRS”), Data Radio Bearer(“DRB”), Discontinuous Reception (“DRX”), Dedicated Short-RangeCommunications (“DSRC”), Downlink Pilot Time Slot (“DwPTS”), EnhancedClear Channel Assessment (“eCCA”), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (“eMBB”),E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (“EN-DC”), Evolved Node B (“eNB”),Extensible Authentication Protocol (“EAP”), Effective Isotropic RadiatedPower (“EIRP”), European Telecommunications Standards Institute(“ETSI”), Frame Based Equipment (“FBE”), Frequency Division Duplex(“FDD”), Frequency Division Multiplexing (“FDM”), Frequency DivisionMultiple Access (“FDMA”), Frequency Division Orthogonal Cover Code(“FD-OCC”), Frequency Range 1—sub 6 GHz frequency bands and/or 410 MHzto 7125 MHz (“FR1”), Frequency Range 2—24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz (“FR2”),Universal Geographical Area Description (“GAD”), Group Leader (“GL”), 5GNode B or Next Generation Node B (“gNB”), Global Navigation SatelliteSystem (“GNSS”), General Packet Radio Services (“GPRS”), Guard Period(“GP”), Global Positioning System (“GPS”), Global System for MobileCommunications (“GSM”), Globally Unique Temporary UE Identifier(“GUTI”), Home AMF (“hAMF”), Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (“HARQ”),Home Location Register (“HLR”), Handover (“HO”), Home PLMN (“HPLMN”),Home Subscriber Server (“HSS”), Hash Expected Response (“HXRES”),Identity or Identifier (“ID”), Information Element (“IE”), InternationalMobile Equipment Identity (“IMEI”), International Mobile SubscriberIdentity (“IMSI”), International Mobile Telecommunications (“IMT”),Internet-of-Things (“IoT”), Layer 1 (“L1”), Layer 2 (“L2”), Layer 3(“L3”), Licensed Assisted Access (“LAA”), Local Area Network (“LAN”),Load Based Equipment (“LBE”), Listen-Before-Talk (“LBT”), LogicalChannel (“LCH”), Logical Channel Prioritization (“LCP”), Log-LikelihoodRatio (“LLR”), Long Term Evolution (“LTE”), Multi-Radio DualConnectivity (“MR-DC”), Multiple Access (“MA”), Medium Access Control(“MAC”), Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (“MBMS”), Master CellGroup (“MCG”), Minimum Communication Range (“MCR”), Modulation CodingScheme (“MCS”), Minimum Guaranteed Power (“MGP”), Master InformationBlock (“MIB”), Multiple Input Multiple Output (“MIMO”), MobilityManagement (“MM”), Mobility Management Entity (“MME”), Mobile NetworkOperator (“MNO”), massive MTC (“mMTC”), Maximum Power Reduction (“MPR”),Multi-radio Dual-Connectivity (“MR-DC”), Machine Type Communication(“MTC”), Multi User Shared Access (“MUSA”), Non Access Stratum (“NAS”),Narrowband (“NB”), Negative-Acknowledgment (“NACK”) or (“NAK”), NetworkEntity (“NE”), Network Function (“NF”), Next Generation (“NG”), NG 5GS-TMSI (“NG-5G-S-TMSI”), Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (“NOMA”), NewRadio (“NR”), NR-EUTRA Dual Connectivity (“NE-DC”), NR-NR DualConnectivity (“NN-DC”, or “NR-DC”, or “NR-NR DC”), NR Unlicensed(“NR-U”), Network Repository Function (“NRF”), Network Scheduled Mode(“NS Mode”) (e.g., network scheduled mode of V2X communication resourceallocation—Mode-1 in NR V2X and Mode-3 in LTE V2X), Network SliceInstance (“NSI”), Network Slice Selection Assistance Information(“NSSAI”), Network Slice Selection Function (“NSSF”), Network SliceSelection Policy (“NSSP”), Operation, Administration, and MaintenanceSystem or Operation and Maintenance Center (“OAM”), Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing (“OFDM”), Open-Loop (“OL”), Other SystemInformation (“OSI”), Power Angular Spectrum (“PAS”), Physical BroadcastChannel (“PBCH”), Power Control (“PC”), UE to UE interface (“PC5”),Primary Cell (“PCell”), Policy Control Function (“PCF”), Physical CellIdentity (“PCP”), Power Control Mode 1 (“PCM-1”), Power Control Mode 2(“PCM-2”), Physical Downlink Control Channel (“PDCCH”), Packet DataConvergence Protocol (“PDCP”), Packet Data Network Gateway (“PGW”),Physical Downlink Shared Channel (“PDSCH”), Pattern Division MultipleAccess (“PDMA”), Packet Data Unit (“PDU”), Physical Hybrid ARQ IndicatorChannel (“PHICH”), Power Headroom (“PH”), Power Headroom Report (“PHR”),Physical Layer (“PHY”), Public Land Mobile Network (“PLMN”), PC5 QoSClass Identifier (“PQI”), Physical Random Access Channel (“PRACH”),Physical Resource Block (“PRB”), Positioning Reference Signal (“PRS”),Physical Sidelink Control Channel (“PSCCH”), Primary Secondary Cell(“PSCell”), Physical Sidelink Feedback Control Channel (“PSFCH”),Physical Uplink Control Channel (“PUCCH”), Physical Uplink SharedChannel (“PUSCH”), Quasi Co-Located (“QCL”), Quality of Service (“QoS”),Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (“QPSK”), Registration Area (“RA”), RARNTI (“RA-RNTI”), Radio Access Network (“RAN”), Random (“RAND”), RadioAccess Technology (“RAT”), Serving RAT (“RAT-1”) (serving with respectto Uu), Other RAT (“RAT-2”) (non-serving with respect to Uu), RandomAccess Procedure (“RACH”), Random Access Preamble Identifier (“RAPID”),Random Access Response (“RAR”), Resource Element Group (“REG”), RadioLink Control (“RLC”), RLC Acknowledged Mode (“RLC-AM”), RLCUnacknowledged Mode/Transparent Mode (“RLC-UM/TM”), Radio Link Failure(“RLF”), Radio Link Monitoring (“RLM”), Radio Network TemporaryIdentifier (“RNTI”), Reference Signal (“RS”), Remaining Minimum SystemInformation (“RMSI”), Radio Resource Control (“RRC”), Radio ResourceManagement (“RRM”), Resource Spread Multiple Access (“RSMA”), ReferenceSignal Received Power (“RSRP”), Received Signal Strength Indicator(“RSSI”), Round Trip Time (“RTT”), Receive (“RX”), Sparse Code MultipleAccess (“SCMA”), Scheduling Request (“SR”), Sounding Reference Signal(“SRS”), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (“SC-FDMA”),Secondary Cell (“SCell”), Secondary Cell Group (“SCG”), Shared Channel(“SCH”), Sidelink Control Information (“SCI”), Sub-carrier Spacing(“SCS”), Service Data Unit (“SDU”), Security Anchor Function (“SEAF”),Sidelink Feedback Content Information (“SFCI”), Serving Gateway (“SGW”),System Information Block (“SIB”), SystemInformationBlockType1 (“SIB1”),SystemInformationBlockType2 (“SIB2”), Subscriber Identity/IdentificationModule (“SIM”), Signal-to-Interference-Plus-Noise Ratio (“SINR”),Sidelink (“SL”), Service Level Agreement (“SLA”), SidelinkSynchronization Signals (“SLSS”), Session Management Function (“SMF”),Special Cell (“SpCell”), Single Network Slice Selection AssistanceInformation (“S-NSSAI”), Scheduling Request (“SR”), Signaling RadioBearer (“SRB”), Shortened TMSI (“S-TMSI”), Shortened TTI (“sTTI”),Synchronization Signal (“SS”), Sidelink CSI RS (“S-CSI RS”), SidelinkPRS (“S-PRS”), Sidelink SSB (“S-SSB”), Synchronization Signal Block(“SSB”), Subscription Concealed Identifier (“SUCI”), Scheduling UserEquipment (“SUE”), Supplementary Uplink (“SUL”), Subscriber PermanentIdentifier (“SUPI”), Tracking Area (“TA”), TA Identifier (“TM”), TAUpdate (“TAU”), Timing Alignment Timer (“TAT”), Transport Block (“TB”),Transport Block Size (“TBS”), Time-Division Duplex (“TDD”), TimeDivision Multiplex (“TDM”), Time Division Orthogonal Cover Code(“TD-OCC”), Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (“TMSI”), Time ofFlight (“ToF”), Transmission Power Control (“TPC”), TransmissionReception Point (“TRP”), Transmission Time Interval (“TTI”), Transmit(“TX”), Uplink Control Information (“UCI”), Unified Data ManagementFunction (“UDM”), Unified Data Repository (“UDR”), User Entity/Equipment(Mobile Terminal) (“UE”) (e.g., a V2X UE), UE Autonomous Mode (UEautonomous selection of V2X communication resource—e.g., Mode-2 in NRV2X and Mode-4 in LTE V2X. UE autonomous selection may or may not bebased on a resource sensing operation), Uplink (“UL”), UL SCH(“UL-SCH”), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (“UMTS”), UserPlane (“UP”), UP Function (“UPF”), Uplink Pilot Time Slot (“UpPTS”),Ultra-reliability and Low-latency Communications (“URLLC”), UE RouteSelection Policy (“URSP”), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (“V2V”),Vehicle-to-Anything (“V2X”), V2X UE (e.g., a UE capable of vehicularcommunication using 3GPP protocols), Visiting AMF (“vAMF”), VisitingNSSF (“vNSSF”), Visiting PLMN (“VPLMN”), Wide Area Network (“WAN”), andWorldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (“WiMAX”).

In certain wireless communications networks, dual connectivity may beused.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Methods for transmission power for dual connectivity are disclosed.Apparatuses and systems also perform the functions of the methods. Oneembodiment of a method includes operating a user equipment with dualconnectivity comprising connectivity with a first cell group and asecond cell group. In certain embodiments, the method includes receivinga configuration message configuring the user equipment with a firstmaximum transmission power for transmissions on the first cell group,and a second maximum transmission power for transmissions on the secondcell group. In some embodiments, the method includes determining, at auser equipment, a transmission time for a first transmission on a firstserving cell of the first cell group. In various embodiments, the methodincludes determining a cut-off time for power determination for thefirst transmission, wherein the cut-off time is based on thetransmission time for the first transmission offset by an offset time,and the offset time is based on a function of a first user equipmentprocessing time and a second user equipment processing time. In certainembodiments, the method includes determining at least a secondtransmission on a second serving cell of the second cell group thatoverlaps with the first transmission, wherein scheduling information,transmission information, or a combination thereof of the at leastsecond transmission is known before the cut-off time for powerdetermination. In some embodiments, the method includes determining amaximum transmission power for the first transmission based on thereceived first maximum transmission power for transmissions on the firstcell group, a total transmission power allocated to the at least secondtransmission on the second cell group, a configured maximum transmissionpower for dual connectivity operation, or some combination thereof. Invarious embodiments, the method includes performing the firsttransmission based on the determined maximum transmission power.

One apparatus for transmission power for dual connectivity includes auser equipment, wherein the apparatus further comprises: a processorthat operates the apparatus with dual connectivity comprisingconnectivity with a first cell group and a second cell group; and areceiver that receives a configuration message configuring the apparatuswith a first maximum transmission power for transmissions on the firstcell group, and a second maximum transmission power for transmissions onthe second cell group; wherein the processor: determines a transmissiontime for a first transmission on a first serving cell of the first cellgroup; determines a cut-off time for power determination for the firsttransmission, wherein the cut-off time is based on the transmission timefor the first transmission offset by an offset time, and the offset timeis based on a function of a first user equipment processing time and asecond user equipment processing time; determines at least a secondtransmission on a second serving cell of the second cell group thatoverlaps with the first transmission, wherein scheduling information,transmission information, or a combination thereof of the at leastsecond transmission is known before the cut-off time for powerdetermination; determines a maximum transmission power for the firsttransmission based on the received first maximum transmission power fortransmissions on the first cell group, a total transmission powerallocated to the at least second transmission on the second cell group,a configured maximum transmission power for dual connectivity operation,or some combination thereof; and performs the first transmission basedon the determined maximum transmission power.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more particular description of the embodiments briefly described abovewill be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that areillustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawingsdepict only some embodiments and are not therefore to be considered tobe limiting of scope, the embodiments will be described and explainedwith additional specificity and detail through the use of theaccompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating one embodiment of awireless communication system for transmission power for dualconnectivity;

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating one embodiment of anapparatus that may be used for transmission power for dual connectivity;

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating one embodiment of anapparatus that may be used for transmission power for dual connectivity;and

FIG. 4 is a flow chart diagram illustrating one embodiment of a methodfor transmission power for dual connectivity.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of theembodiments may be embodied as a system, apparatus, method, or programproduct. Accordingly, embodiments may take the form of an entirelyhardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (includingfirmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodimentcombining software and hardware aspects that may all generally bereferred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore,embodiments may take the form of a program product embodied in one ormore computer readable storage devices storing machine readable code,computer readable code, and/or program code, referred hereafter as code.The storage devices may be tangible, non-transitory, and/ornon-transmission. The storage devices may not embody signals. In acertain embodiment, the storage devices only employ signals foraccessing code.

Certain of the functional units described in this specification may belabeled as modules, in order to more particularly emphasize theirimplementation independence. For example, a module may be implemented asa hardware circuit comprising custom very-large-scale integration(“VLSI”) circuits or gate arrays, off-the-shelf semiconductors such aslogic chips, transistors, or other discrete components. A module mayalso be implemented in programmable hardware devices such as fieldprogrammable gate arrays, programmable array logic, programmable logicdevices or the like.

Modules may also be implemented in code and/or software for execution byvarious types of processors. An identified module of code may, forinstance, include one or more physical or logical blocks of executablecode which may, for instance, be organized as an object, procedure, orfunction. Nevertheless, the executables of an identified module need notbe physically located together, but may include disparate instructionsstored in different locations which, when joined logically together,include the module and achieve the stated purpose for the module.

Indeed, a module of code may be a single instruction, or manyinstructions, and may even be distributed over several different codesegments, among different programs, and across several memory devices.Similarly, operational data may be identified and illustrated hereinwithin modules, and may be embodied in any suitable form and organizedwithin any suitable type of data structure. The operational data may becollected as a single data set, or may be distributed over differentlocations including over different computer readable storage devices.Where a module or portions of a module are implemented in software, thesoftware portions are stored on one or more computer readable storagedevices.

Any combination of one or more computer readable medium may be utilized.The computer readable medium may be a computer readable storage medium.The computer readable storage medium may be a storage device storing thecode. The storage device may be, for example, but not limited to, anelectronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, holographic,micromechanical, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or anysuitable combination of the foregoing.

More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the storage devicewould include the following: an electrical connection having one or morewires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory(“RAM”), a read-only memory (“ROM”), an erasable programmable read-onlymemory (“EPROM” or Flash memory), a portable compact disc read-onlymemory (“CD-ROM”), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device,or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of thisdocument, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible mediumthat can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with aninstruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

Code for carrying out operations for embodiments may be any number oflines and may be written in any combination of one or more programminglanguages including an object oriented programming language such asPython, Ruby, Java, Smalltalk, C++, or the like, and conventionalprocedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language,or the like, and/or machine languages such as assembly languages. Thecode may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user'scomputer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user'scomputer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remotecomputer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may beconnected to the user's computer through any type of network, includinga local area network (“LAN”) or a wide area network (“WAN”), or theconnection may be made to an external computer (for example, through theInternet using an Internet Service Provider).

Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” “anembodiment,” or similar language means that a particular feature,structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodimentis included in at least one embodiment. Thus, appearances of the phrases“in one embodiment,” “in an embodiment,” and similar language throughoutthis specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the sameembodiment, but mean “one or more but not all embodiments” unlessexpressly specified otherwise. The terms “including,” “comprising,”“having,” and variations thereof mean “including but not limited to,”unless expressly specified otherwise. An enumerated listing of itemsdoes not imply that any or all of the items are mutually exclusive,unless expressly specified otherwise. The terms “a,” “an,” and “the”also refer to “one or more” unless expressly specified otherwise.

Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics ofthe embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner. In the followingdescription, numerous specific details are provided, such as examples ofprogramming, software modules, user selections, network transactions,database queries, database structures, hardware modules, hardwarecircuits, hardware chips, etc., to provide a thorough understanding ofembodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however,that embodiments may be practiced without one or more of the specificdetails, or with other methods, components, materials, and so forth. Inother instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are notshown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of anembodiment.

Aspects of the embodiments are described below with reference toschematic flowchart diagrams and/or schematic block diagrams of methods,apparatuses, systems, and program products according to embodiments. Itwill be understood that each block of the schematic flowchart diagramsand/or schematic block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theschematic flowchart diagrams and/or schematic block diagrams, can beimplemented by code. The code may be provided to a processor of ageneral purpose computer, special purpose computer, or otherprogrammable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such thatthe instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer orother programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the schematic flowchartdiagrams and/or schematic block diagrams block or blocks.

The code may also be stored in a storage device that can direct acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devicesto function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored inthe storage device produce an article of manufacture includinginstructions which implement the function/act specified in the schematicflowchart diagrams and/or schematic block diagrams block or blocks.

The code may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable dataprocessing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operationalsteps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus orother devices to produce a computer implemented process such that thecode which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatusprovide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in theflowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

The schematic flowchart diagrams and/or schematic block diagrams in theFigures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation ofpossible implementations of apparatuses, systems, methods and programproducts according to various embodiments. In this regard, each block inthe schematic flowchart diagrams and/or schematic block diagrams mayrepresent a module, segment, or portion of code, which includes one ormore executable instructions of the code for implementing the specifiedlogical function(s).

It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, thefunctions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in theFigures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, beexecuted substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes beexecuted in the reverse order, depending upon the functionalityinvolved. Other steps and methods may be conceived that are equivalentin function, logic, or effect to one or more blocks, or portionsthereof, of the illustrated Figures.

Although various arrow types and line types may be employed in theflowchart and/or block diagrams, they are understood not to limit thescope of the corresponding embodiments. Indeed, some arrows or otherconnectors may be used to indicate only the logical flow of the depictedembodiment. For instance, an arrow may indicate a waiting or monitoringperiod of unspecified duration between enumerated steps of the depictedembodiment. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagramsand/or flowchart diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the blockdiagrams and/or flowchart diagrams, can be implemented by specialpurpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions oracts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and code. While theflow chart depicts a series of sequential steps, unless explicitlystated, no inference should be drawn from that sequence regardingspecific order of performance, performance of steps or portions thereofserially rather than concurrently or in an overlapping manner, orperformance of the steps depicted exclusively without the occurrence ofintervening or intermediate steps.

The description of elements in each figure may refer to elements ofproceeding figures. Like numbers refer to like elements in all figures,including alternate embodiments of like elements.

FIG. 1 depicts an embodiment of a wireless communication system 100 fortransmission power for dual connectivity. In one embodiment, thewireless communication system 100 includes remote units 102 and networkunits 104. Even though a specific number of remote units 102 and networkunits 104 are depicted in FIG. 1, one of skill in the art will recognizethat any number of remote units 102 and network units 104 may beincluded in the wireless communication system 100.

In one embodiment, the remote units 102 may include computing devices,such as desktop computers, laptop computers, personal digital assistants(“PDAs”), tablet computers, smart phones, smart televisions (e.g.,televisions connected to the Internet), set-top boxes, game consoles,security systems (including security cameras), vehicle on-boardcomputers, network devices (e.g., routers, switches, modems), aerialvehicles, drones, or the like. In some embodiments, the remote units 102include wearable devices, such as smart watches, fitness bands, opticalhead-mounted displays, or the like. Moreover, the remote units 102 maybe referred to as subscriber units, mobiles, mobile stations, users,terminals, mobile terminals, fixed terminals, subscriber stations, UE,user terminals, a device, or by other terminology used in the art. Theremote units 102 may communicate directly with one or more of thenetwork units 104 via UL communication signals. In certain embodiments,the remote units 102 may communicate directly with other remote units102 via sidelink communication.

The network units 104 may be distributed over a geographic region. Incertain embodiments, a network unit 104 may also be referred to as anaccess point, an access terminal, a base, a base station, a Node-B, aneNB, a gNB, a Home Node-B, a relay node, a device, a core network, anaerial server, a radio access node, an AP, NR, a network entity, an AMF,a UDM, a UDR, a UDM/UDR, a PCF, a RAN, an NSSF, or by any otherterminology used in the art. The network units 104 are generally part ofa radio access network that includes one or more controllerscommunicably coupled to one or more corresponding network units 104. Theradio access network is generally communicably coupled to one or morecore networks, which may be coupled to other networks, like the Internetand public switched telephone networks, among other networks. These andother elements of radio access and core networks are not illustrated butare well known generally by those having ordinary skill in the art.

In one implementation, the wireless communication system 100 iscompliant with NR protocols standardized in 3GPP, wherein the networkunit 104 transmits using an OFDM modulation scheme on the DL and theremote units 102 transmit on the UL using a SC-FDMA scheme or an OFDMscheme. More generally, however, the wireless communication system 100may implement some other open or proprietary communication protocol, forexample, WiMAX, IEEE 802.11 variants, GSM, GPRS, UMTS, LTE variants,CDMA2000, Bluetooth®, ZigBee, Sigfoxx, among other protocols. Thepresent disclosure is not intended to be limited to the implementationof any particular wireless communication system architecture orprotocol.

The network units 104 may serve a number of remote units 102 within aserving area, for example, a cell or a cell sector via a wirelesscommunication link. The network units 104 transmit DL communicationsignals to serve the remote units 102 in the time, frequency, and/orspatial domain.

In various embodiments, a remote unit 102 may operate with dualconnectivity comprising connectivity with a first cell group and asecond cell group. In certain embodiments, the remote unit 102 mayreceive a configuration message configuring the remote unit 102 with afirst maximum transmission power for transmissions on the first cellgroup, and a second maximum transmission power for transmissions on thesecond cell group. In some embodiments, the remote unit 102 maydetermine a transmission time for a first transmission on a firstserving cell of the first cell group. In various embodiments, the remoteunit 102 may determine a cut-off time for power determination for thefirst transmission, wherein the cut-off time is based on thetransmission time for the first transmission offset by an offset time,and the offset time is based on a function of a first user equipmentprocessing time and a second user equipment processing time. In certainembodiments, the remote unit 102 may determine at least a secondtransmission on a second serving cell of the second cell group thatoverlaps with the first transmission, wherein scheduling information,transmission information, or a combination thereof of the at leastsecond transmission is known before the cut-off time for powerdetermination. In some embodiments, the remote unit 102 may determine amaximum transmission power for the first transmission based on thereceived first maximum transmission power for transmissions on the firstcell group, a total transmission power allocated to the at least secondtransmission on the second cell group, a configured maximum transmissionpower for dual connectivity operation, or some combination thereof. Invarious embodiments, the remote unit 102 may perform the firsttransmission based on the determined maximum transmission power.Accordingly, the remote unit 102 may be used for transmission power fordual connectivity.

FIG. 2 depicts one embodiment of an apparatus 200 that may be used fortransmission power for dual connectivity. The apparatus 200 includes oneembodiment of the remote unit 102. Furthermore, the remote unit 102 mayinclude a processor 202, a memory 204, an input device 206, a display208, a transmitter 210, and a receiver 212. In some embodiments, theinput device 206 and the display 208 are combined into a single device,such as a touchscreen. In certain embodiments, the remote unit 102 maynot include any input device 206 and/or display 208. In variousembodiments, the remote unit 102 may include one or more of theprocessor 202, the memory 204, the transmitter 210, and the receiver212, and may not include the input device 206 and/or the display 208.

The processor 202, in one embodiment, may include any known controllercapable of executing computer-readable instructions and/or capable ofperforming logical operations. For example, the processor 202 may be amicrocontroller, a microprocessor, a central processing unit (“CPU”), agraphics processing unit (“GPU”), an auxiliary processing unit, a fieldprogrammable gate array (“FPGA”), or similar programmable controller. Insome embodiments, the processor 202 executes instructions stored in thememory 204 to perform the methods and routines described herein. Theprocessor 202 is communicatively coupled to the memory 204, the inputdevice 206, the display 208, the transmitter 210, and the receiver 212.

The memory 204, in one embodiment, is a computer readable storagemedium. In some embodiments, the memory 204 includes volatile computerstorage media. For example, the memory 204 may include a RAM, includingdynamic RAM (“DRAM”), synchronous dynamic RAM (“SDRAM”), and/or staticRAM (“SRAM”). In some embodiments, the memory 204 includes non-volatilecomputer storage media. For example, the memory 204 may include a harddisk drive, a flash memory, or any other suitable non-volatile computerstorage device. In some embodiments, the memory 204 includes bothvolatile and non-volatile computer storage media. In some embodiments,the memory 204 also stores program code and related data, such as anoperating system or other controller algorithms operating on the remoteunit 102.

The input device 206, in one embodiment, may include any known computerinput device including a touch panel, a button, a keyboard, a stylus, amicrophone, or the like. In some embodiments, the input device 206 maybe integrated with the display 208, for example, as a touchscreen orsimilar touch-sensitive display. In some embodiments, the input device206 includes a touchscreen such that text may be input using a virtualkeyboard displayed on the touchscreen and/or by handwriting on thetouchscreen. In some embodiments, the input device 206 includes two ormore different devices, such as a keyboard and a touch panel.

The display 208, in one embodiment, may include any known electronicallycontrollable display or display device. The display 208 may be designedto output visual, audible, and/or haptic signals. In some embodiments,the display 208 includes an electronic display capable of outputtingvisual data to a user. For example, the display 208 may include, but isnot limited to, an LCD display, an LED display, an OLED display, aprojector, or similar display device capable of outputting images, text,or the like to a user. As another, non-limiting, example, the display208 may include a wearable display such as a smart watch, smart glasses,a heads-up display, or the like. Further, the display 208 may be acomponent of a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a television,a table computer, a notebook (laptop) computer, a personal computer, avehicle dashboard, or the like.

In certain embodiments, the display 208 includes one or more speakersfor producing sound. For example, the display 208 may produce an audiblealert or notification (e.g., a beep or chime). In some embodiments, thedisplay 208 includes one or more haptic devices for producingvibrations, motion, or other haptic feedback. In some embodiments, allor portions of the display 208 may be integrated with the input device206. For example, the input device 206 and display 208 may form atouchscreen or similar touch-sensitive display. In other embodiments,the display 208 may be located near the input device 206.

The transmitter 210 is used to provide UL communication signals to thenetwork unit 104 and the receiver 212 is used to receive DLcommunication signals from the network unit 104, as described herein. Insome embodiments, the processor 202 may operate the remote unit 102 withdual connectivity comprising connectivity with a first cell group and asecond cell group. In various embodiments, the receiver 212 may receivea configuration message configuring the remote unit 102 with a firstmaximum transmission power for transmissions on the first cell group,and a second maximum transmission power for transmissions on the secondcell group. In certain embodiments, the processor 202: determines atransmission time for a first transmission on a first serving cell ofthe first cell group; determines a cut-off time for power determinationfor the first transmission, wherein the cut-off time is based on thetransmission time for the first transmission offset by an offset time,and the offset time is based on a function of a first user equipmentprocessing time and a second user equipment processing time; determinesat least a second transmission on a second serving cell of the secondcell group that overlaps with the first transmission, wherein schedulinginformation, transmission information, or a combination thereof of theat least second transmission is known before the cut-off time for powerdetermination; determines a maximum transmission power for the firsttransmission based on the received first maximum transmission power fortransmissions on the first cell group, a total transmission powerallocated to the at least second transmission on the second cell group,a configured maximum transmission power for dual connectivity operation,or some combination thereof; and performs the first transmission basedon the determined maximum transmission power.

Although only one transmitter 210 and one receiver 212 are illustrated,the remote unit 102 may have any suitable number of transmitters 210 andreceivers 212. The transmitter 210 and the receiver 212 may be anysuitable type of transmitters and receivers. In one embodiment, thetransmitter 210 and the receiver 212 may be part of a transceiver.

FIG. 3 depicts one embodiment of an apparatus 300 that may be used fortransmission power for dual connectivity. The apparatus 300 includes oneembodiment of the network unit 104. Furthermore, the network unit 104may include a processor 302, a memory 304, an input device 306, adisplay 308, a transmitter 310, and a receiver 312. As may beappreciated, the processor 302, the memory 304, the input device 306,the display 308, the transmitter 310, and the receiver 312 may besubstantially similar to the processor 202, the memory 204, the inputdevice 206, the display 208, the transmitter 210, and the receiver 212of the remote unit 102, respectively.

Although only one transmitter 310 and one receiver 312 are illustrated,the network unit 104 may have any suitable number of transmitters 310and receivers 312. The transmitter 310 and the receiver 312 may be anysuitable type of transmitters and receivers. In one embodiment, thetransmitter 310 and the receiver 312 may be part of a transceiver.

In some embodiments, DC operation may be used to allocate power betweentwo CGs. In various embodiments, such as in LTE-DC, two modes ofoperation may be used: a) PCM-1 for synchronous LTE-DC in which power isallocated based on priority levels of channels and/or signals and thereis an MGP for each CG; and b) PCM-2 for asynchronous LTE-DC in whichpower is allocated based on a first-come first-serve principle and thereis an MGP for each CG.

In certain embodiments, such as in LTE and NR coexistence (e.g., MR-DC),each CG may be configured with a maximum power limit (e.g., P_LTE andP_NR), and in a power-limited situation, LTE power setting may not bechanged and NR performs a power scaling or dropping, if needed. In someembodiments, if there is semi-static knowledge of no overlap between LTEand NR, a maximum limit for CGs may be differently configured.

In various embodiments, power sharing may be considered dynamic powersharing if power for one CG is adjusted based on power in the other CG.In certain embodiments, to support dynamic power sharing for NR-DC(e.g., NR-NR DC or NN-DC) in which both CGs are NR RAT (e.g., in anFR1+FR1 band combination or an FR2+FR2 band combination), timingrelationships and detailed power sharing schemes (e.g., how to handlepriority levels across the two CGs) may be important.

Described herein are various details for dynamic power sharing forNR-DC. In some embodiments, time-references used for power determinationof different UL channels and/or signals for dynamic power sharing may bewith or without look-ahead. In various embodiments, dynamic powersharing (e.g., with and without look-ahead) may include how to allocatepower and how to apply priority rules.

As may be appreciated, embodiments described herein may be in thecontext of 3GPP 5G NR, but may be applied to other wirelesstechnologies. In certain embodiments, default power control settings forvirtual PHR (e.g., both PUSCH and SRS) are used.

One embodiment of a UE processing time for PUSCH is shown in Table 1.

The following variant/update version of the PUSCH processing timeT′_(proc,2) for PHR cut-off time for configured grant PUSCH is shown inTable 2.

TABLE 2 A UE determines whether a power headroom report for an activatedserving cell is based on an actual transmission or a reference formatbased on the higher layer signaling of configured grant and downlinkcontrol information the UE received until and including the PDCCHmonitoring occasion where the UE detects the first DCI format 0_0 or DCIformat 0_1 scheduling an initial transmission of a transport block sincea power headroom report was triggered if the power headroom report isreported on a PUSCH triggered by the first DCI. Otherwise, a UEdetermines whether a power headroom report is based on an actualtransmission or a reference format based on the higher layer signalingof configured grant and downlink control information the UE receiveduntil the first uplink symbol of a configured PUSCH transmission minusT′_(proc, 2) = T_(proc, 2) where T_(proc, 2) is determined assumingd_(2, 1) = 1, d_(2, 2) = 0, and with μ_(DL) corresponding to thesubcarrier spacing of the active downlink BWP of the scheduling cell fora configured grant if the power headroom report is reported on the PUSCHusing the configured grant.

UCI multiplexing time on PUCCH and/or PUSCH is shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 UE Procedure for Reporting Multiple UCI Types This Subclause isapplicable to the case that a UE has overlapping resources for PUCCHtransmissions or for PUCCH and PUSCH transmissions and each PUCCHtransmission is over a single slot without repetition. Any case that aPUCCH transmission is with repetitions over multiple slots. If a UE isconfigured with multiple PUCCH resources in a slot to transmit CSIreports if the UE is not provided multi-CSI-PUCCH-ResourceList or ifPUCCH resources for transmissions of CSI reports do not overlap in theslot, the UE determines a first resource corresponding to a CSI reportwith the highest priority if the first resource includes PUCCH format 2,and if there are remaining resources in the slot that do not overlapwith the first resource, the UE determines a CSI report with the highestpriority, among the CSI reports with corresponding resources from theremaining resources, and a corresponding second resource as anadditional resource for CSI reporting if the first resource includesPUCCH format 3 or PUCCH format 4, and if there are remaining resourcesin the slot that include PUCCH format 2 and do not overlap with thefirst resource, the UE determines a CSI report with the highestpriority, among the CSI reports with corresponding resources from theremaining resources, and a corresponding second resource as anadditional resource for CSI reporting if the UE is providedmulti-CSI-PUCCH-ResourceList and if any of the multiple PUCCH resourcesoverlap, the UE multiplexes all CSI reports in a resource from theresources provided by multi-CSI-PUCCH- ResourceList. A UE multiplexesHARQ-ACK information, with or without SR, and CSI resport(s) in a samePUCCH if the UE is provided simultaneousHARQ-ACK-CSI; otherwise, the UEdrops the CSI report(s) and includes only HARQ-ACK information, with orwithout SR, in the PUCCH. If the UE would transmit multiple PUCCHs in aslot that include HARQ-ACK information and CSI report(s), the UE expectsto be provided a same configuration for simultaneousHARQ-ACK-CSI each ofPUCCH formats 2, 3, and 4. If a UE would multiplex CSI reports thatinclude Part 2 CSI reports in a PUCCH resource, the UE determines thePUCCH resource and a number of PRBs for the PUCCH resource or a numberof Part 2 CSI reports assuming that each of the CSI reports indicatesrank 1. If a UE would transmit multiple overlapping PUCCHs in a slot oroverlapping PUCCH(s) and PUSCH(s) in a slot and the UE is configured tomultiplex different UCI types in one PUCCH, and at least one of themultiple overlapping PUCCHs or PUSCHs is in response to a DCI formatdetection by the UE, the UE multiplexes all corresponding UCI types ifthe following conditions are met. If one of the PUCCH transmissions orPUSCH transmissions is in response to a DCI format detection by the UE,the UE expects that the first symbol S₀ of the earliest PUCCH or PUSCH,among a group overlapping PUCCHs and PUSCHs in the slot, satisfies thefollowing timeline conditions S₀ is not before a symbol with CP startingafter T_(proc, 1) ^(mux) = (N₁ + d_(1, 1) + 1) · (2048 + 144) · κ ·2^(−μ) · T_(C) after a last symbol of any corresponding PDSCH, where μcorresponds to the smallest SCS configuration among the SCSconfiguration of the PDCCH scheduling the PDSCH, the SCS configurationof the PDSCH, and the smallest SCS configuration for the group ofoverlapping PUCCHs and PUSCHs where the UE transmits HARQ-ACKinformation in response to the reception of the PDSCH S₀ is not before asymbol with CP starting after T_(proc, release) ^(mux) = (N + 1) ·(2048 + 144) · κ · 2^(−μ) · T_(C) after a last symbol of anycorresponding SPS PDSCH release, where N is described in Subclause 10.2and μ corresponds to the smallest SCS configuration among the SCSconfiguration of the PDCCH providing the SPS PDSCH release and thesmallest SCS configuration for the group of overlapping PUCCHs oroverlapping PUCCHs and PUSCHs where the UE transmits HARQ-ACKinformation in response to the detection of the SPS PDSCH release ifthere is no aperiodic CSI report multiplexed in a PUSCH in the group ofoverlapping PUCCHs and PUSCHs, S₀ is not before a symbol with CPstarting after T_(proc, 2) ^(mux) = max((N₂ + d_(2, 1) + 1) · (2048+144) · κ · 2^(−μ) · T_(C), d_(2, 2)) after a last symbol of a PDCCH withthe DCI format scheduling the PUSCH, and any PDCCH scheduling a PDSCH orSPS PDSCH release with corresponding HARQ-ACK information in anoverlapping PUCCH in the slot where μ corresponds to the smallest SCSconfiguration among the SCS configuration of the PDCCHs and the smallestSCS of the overlapping PUCCHs and PUSCHs, and d_(2, 1) = d_(2, 2) = 0 ifthere is no overlapping PUSCH if there is an aperiodic CSI reportmultiplexed in a PUSCH in the group of overlapping PUCCHs and PUSCHs, S₀is not before a symbol with CP starting after T_(proc, CSI) ^(mux) =max((Z + d) · (2048 + 144) · κ · 2^(−μ) · T_(C), d_(2, 2)) after a lastsymbol of a PDCCH with the DCI format scheduling the PUSCH, and anyPDCCH scheduling a PDSCH or SPS PDSCH release with correspondingHARQ-ACK information in an overlapping PUCCH in the slot where μcorresponds to the smallest SCS configuration among the SCSconfiguration of the PDCCHs, the smallest SCS configuration for thegroup of the overlapping PUCCHs and PUSCHs, and the smallest SCSconfiguration of aperiodic CSI-RS associated with the DCI formatscheduling the PUSCH, and d = 2 for μ = 0, 1, d = 3 for μ = 2 and d = 4for μ = 3 N₁, N₂, d_(1, 1), d_(2, 1), d_(2, 2), and z are predefined,and κ and T_(C) are predefined. If a UE would transmit multipleoverlapping PUCCHs in a slot or overlapping PUCCH(s) and PUSCH(s) in aslot, one of the PUCCHs includes HARQ-ACK information in response to anSPS PDSCH reception, and any PUSCH is not in response to a DCI formatdetection, the UE expects that the first symbol S₀ of the earliest PUCCHor PUSCH satisfies the first of the previous timeline conditions withthe exception that components associated to a SCS configuration for aPDCCH scheduling a PDSCH or a PUSCH are absent from the timelineconditions. A UE does not expect a PUCCH or a PUSCH that is in responseto a DCI format detection to overlap with any other PUCCH or PUSCH thatdoes not satisfy the above timing conditions. If there is one or moreaperiodic CSI reports multiplexed on PUSCHs in the group of overlappingPUCCHs and PUSCHs and if symbol S₀ is before symbol Z′_(ref) ^(mux) thatis a next uplink symbol with CP starting after Z′_(proc, CSI) ^(mux) =(Z′ + d) · (2048 + 144)· κ· 2^(−μ) · T_(C) after the end of the lastsymbol of the last symbol of aperiodic CSI-RS resource for channelmeasurements, and the last symbol of aperiodic CSI-IM used forinterference measurements, and the last symbol of aperiodic NZP CSI-RSfor interference measurements, when aperiodic CSI-RS is used for channelmeasurement for triggered CSI report_(n) the UE is not required toupdate the CSI report for the triggered CSI report n. Z′ is predefinedand μ corresponds to the smallest SCS configuration among the SCSconfigurations of the PDCCHs scheduling the PUSCHs, the smallest SCSconfiguration of aperiodic CSI-RSs associated with DCI formats providedby the PDCCHs triggering the aperiodic CSI reports, and the smallest SCSconfiguration of the overlapping PUCCHs and PUSCHs and d = 2 for μ = 0,1, d = 3 for μ = 2 and d = 4 for μ = 3.

Some processing times for PRACH in NR are found in Table 4.

Certain embodiments described herein include timing relationships fordifferent UL signals and/or channels in NR-DC dynamic power sharingwithout look-ahead.

In some embodiments, a closed-loop value for virtual PHR in NR may beused. In various embodiments, in NR, f(i,l) may not be clearly definedfor a reference UL transmission. In certain embodiments: a) a referencetransmission may be considered a configured transmission and f(i,l) maybe calculated to include TPC command min{k2} slots before a referenceslot; and/or b) the reference transmission may be scheduled by a virtualDCI that ends at a time of a PHR trigger and has no TPC command, andf(i,l) is calculated to include the TPC commands up to the time of PHRtrigger.

In various embodiments, f(i,l) includes TPC accumulation up to any timein between a PHR trigger and min{k2} slots prior to a reference slot.

In certain embodiments, a cell-specific open-loop value P0_PUSCH_nominalmay be used for virtual PUSCH PHR (e.g., Type-1 PHR) in a secondaryserving cell without PRACH configuration. In some embodiments, such asfor virtual type 1 PHR, a cell specific target received power isobtained via P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH, fc)(0) which is used for Msg3 anddefined as P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH f,c)(0)=P_(O_PRE)+Δ_(PREAMBLE_Msg 3) inwhich the parameter preambleReceivedTargetPower (for P_(O-PRE) andmsg3-DeltaPreamble (for Δ_(PREAMBLE_Msg3) are provided by higher layers,or Δ_(PREAMBLE_Msg3)=0 dB if msg3-DeltaPreamble is not provided, forcarrier f of serving cell C. In such embodiments, because Msg3 is amessage for RACH, there is no need to configure RACH on all servingcells. For those serving cells which have no RACH configured, the UEcannot get the parameter preambleReceivedTargetPower (for P_(O_PRE)). Insome embodiments, such as for serving cells which have nopreambleReceivedTargetPower configured, a UE uses a parameterP_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH, fc) (0) for non SUL carrier f and primary cell c forvirtual PHR calculation.

In various embodiments there are different settings for open-loop andclosed-loop for virtual PHR.

In embodiments described herein, an “earlier” UL/PUSCH transmission mayrefer to an UL/PUSCH transmission that starts earlier in time or endsearlier in time or both. Moreover, in embodiments described herein, an“earliest” UL/PUSCH transmission among a number of UL/PUSCHtransmissions may refer to a PUSCH transmission that starts the earliestin time or ends the earliest in time or both. In one example, theearlier/earliest PUSCH transmission includes repetitions (e.g.,mini-slot repetition, or multi-segment transmission) of a TB/UCI (e.g.,if there is a PUSCH without data).

In certain embodiments, if semi-static power sharing for NR-DC issupported in addition to dynamic power sharing, the two types of powersharing may be based on a “power sharing mode” parameter that is RRCconfigured, a selection by RRC on which parameter sets to configure(e.g., configure only maximum power limits for semi-static power sharingwhile configuring only MGPs or both MGPs and max power limits fordynamic power sharing), or based on a UE capability that the UE reports.These configurations/capabilities may be the same or different forsynchronous and asynchronous NR-DC. In some embodiment, maximum powerlimits may always be configured for both semi-static and dynamic powersharing, and it may be checked to determine whetherP_(MCG, max)+P_(SCG, max)<=P_(NR-DC), Total (for semi-static powersharing) or >P_(NR-DC, Total) (for dynamic power sharing).

Embodiments described herein may be described in the context of NR-DC(e.g., NR-NR DC, or NN-DC), but may also be applicable to EN-DC, NE-DC,MR-DC, NR-CA, and any other dual-connectivity or carrier-aggregationconfigurations.

In various embodiments, if there is a power-limited situation (e.g.,P_(MCG)+P_(SCG)>P_(NR-DC, Total)), a UE may allocate power for an ULtransmission by: a) considering allocated powers for overlappingtransmissions whose power are already determined—regardless of prioritylevels; b) assigning power to higher priority overlapping transmissionswhose power is concurrently determined; and/or c) respecting the MGPssuch that total power on a first cell group can never exceedP_(NR-DC, Total)−P_(CG2, min).

In view of flexible numerology and transmission timing/length in NR,embodiments described herein may be used for both synchronous andasynchronous NR-DC configurations.

In certain embodiments, such as for dynamic power sharing, when todecide and/or determine transmit power (e.g., whether to perform anypower scaling or dropping in a power limited situation) may beimportant. Such embodiments may be performed by the following: a)dynamic power sharing without look-ahead in which the transmit power isdetermined and/or decided at a scheduling, triggering, and/orconfiguration time instant; and/or b) dynamic power sharing withlook-ahead in which the transmit power is determined and/or decidedlater than the scheduling, triggering, and/or configuration time instant(e.g., at a certain cut-off time to be clarified).

In some embodiments, such as for dynamic power sharing withoutlook-ahead, a first option and a second option for timing relationshipsmay be used to enforce no look-ahead.

In the first option, if determining a total transmit power in a symbolof transmission occasion i, a UE may not include power for transmissions(e.g., on the same CG or the other CG) starting after the symbol oftransmission occasion i.

In the second option, if determining a transmit power for a transmissionoccasion i, the UE may not include power for UL transmissions (e.g., onthe same CG or the other CG) if scheduling, triggering, and/orconfiguration information is received at the UE after a time at whichthe scheduling, the triggering, and/or the configuration information fortransmission occasion i is received. In some embodiments, timereferences (or cut-off times) may be considered for different ULtransmissions, so that the UE determines the power for an ULtransmission only based on the higher layer signaling for ULtransmissions and downlink control information received before and upto: a) a reception time of a PDCCH (e.g., end of a reception of a lastsymbol of the PDCCH carrying DCI associated with the transmission, orbeginning of the reception of the first and/or starting symbol of thePDCCH carrying the DCI associated with the transmission) for adynamically scheduled PUSCH, for aperiodic-SRS or for PUCCH carryingHARQ-ACK; b) the starting symbol of the UL transmission minus one of (i)minimum common configured K2 value (e.g., the minimum of the valuesprovided by k2 in PUSCH-ConfigCommon value in slots; or in terms ofnumber of symbols a number of symbols equal to the product of a numberof symbols per slot, N_(symb) ^(slot), and the minimum of the valuesprovided by k2), (ii) PUSCH processing/preparation time T_(proc,2),(iii) the updated version of PUSCH processing/preparation timeT′_(proc,2) as used to define PHR cut-off time for configured grantPUSCH, (iv) UE processing time parameter N2 based on UE capability, (v)a number of [Y] symbols, where [Y] is specified or configured orreported as a UE capability, or a combination and/or function thereof,for a configured-grant PUSCH, for periodic SRS and/or semi-persistentSRS, or for PUCCH without HARQ-ACK (these time-references and/or cut-offtimes may be applicable with and without look-ahead); c) the last symbolof PDCCH that schedules and/or is in response to a transmission of aPUCCH or a corresponding previous PDSCH plus in some embodiments one of(i) UE processing time parameter N1 based on UE capability, (ii) UEprocessing time parameter N2 based on UE capability, (iii) T_(pro,1)^(mux), T_(pro,2) ^(mux), T_(proc,CSI) ^(mux), T_(proc,CSI), orZ_(pro,CSI) ^(mux)′ for UCI multiplexing, (iii) a number of [X]symbols/slots, where [X] is specified, configured, or reported as a UEcapability, or a combination and/or function thereof (in someembodiments, no additional time is added to the last symbol of PDCCHthat schedules and/or is in response to a transmission of a PUCCH or acorresponding previous PDSCH) for PUCCH, PUCCH overlapping with PUSCH,UCI multiplexing, or a PUCCH group; d) the starting symbol of PUCCH orPUSCH in response to a detected PDCCH, DCI format, or a correspondingprevious PDSCH minus one of (i) UE processing time parameter N1 based onUE capability, (ii) UE processing time parameter N2 based on UEcapability, (iii) T_(proc,1) ^(mux), T_(proc,2) ^(mux), T_(proc,CSI)^(mux), T_(proc,CSI), or Z′_(proc,CSI) ^(mux) for UCI multiplexing,(iii) a number of [X] symbols/slots, where [X] is specified orconfigured or reported as a UE capability, or a combination and/orfunction thereof for PUCCH, PUCCH overlapping with PUSCH, UCImultiplexing, or a PUCCH group; and/or e) the starting symbol of PRACHtransmission minus one of (i) Δ_(Delay) for PRACH (e.g., forcommunication with higher layers), (ii) PUSCH processing time parameterN2 or N_(T,2) based on UE capability, (iii) Δ_(BWPSwitching) for a BWPswitching time, (v) a combination of items (i, ii) or (i, ii, iii)(e.g., their summation), (vi) minimum common configured K2 value, (vii)a number of [Y] symbols/slots in a numerology of an active BWP or in areference numerology (e.g., 15 kHz) (e.g., Y=1 slot), or (viii) anycombination thereof for PRACH in response to a PDCCH order or for PRACHthat is not in response to a PDCCH order (which terms to use from thelist above or how to combine some terms might depend on whether or notthe PRACH is in response to a PDCCH order and/or these time-referencesand/or cut-off times may be applicable with and without look-ahead).

In some embodiments, for cross-carrier scheduling with and/or withoutdifferent numerologies, parameters may be considered to belong to ascheduled cell (e.g., where a transmission takes place). In variousembodiments, parameters may be considered to belong to (i) thescheduling cell, or (ii) the scheduled or scheduling cell that has thelower and/or the higher subcarrier spacing.

In certain embodiments, a PRACH cut-off time in LTE may be one subframebefore a PRACH transmission as follows: if a transmission timing of thePRACH transmission is such that a UE is ready to transmit the PRACH atleast one subframe before subframe i2 of CG2, {circumflex over(P)}_(PRACH_CG2)(i2) is the linear value of the transmission power ofthat PRACH transmission; otherwise, {circumflex over(P)}_(PRACH_CG2)(i2)=0.

In various embodiments, regarding a comparison between a power controlalgorithm for NR-CA and a power control algorithm for dynamic NR-DCpower sharing, one of the following may be used: 1) an MCG may be ahigher priority than a SCG regardless of priority levels of channelsand/or signals (e.g., power allocation between MCG and SCG is decoupled)and the minimum guaranteed power on SCG may be configured such that(e.g., PUCCH and/or SRS on SCG may be protected); and 2) priority levelsmay be applied across the two CGs (e.g., PUCCH is always higher prioritythan PUSCH without UCI regardless of whether PUCCH and/or PUSCH are onMCS and/or SCG) (for two UL transmissions with the same priority level,MCG>SCG−the minimum guaranteed power and look-ahead may be applied ontop of this to improve the performance).

In certain embodiments, priority rules may be applied across two CGs foroverlapping transmissions whose power is concurrently determined so thatan UL channel and/or signal with lower priority is power scaled and/ordropped even if located on an MCG. In such embodiments, for two ULchannels and/or signals with the same priority level, MCG>SCG.Furthermore, in such embodiments, lower priority UL channels and/orsignals whose power is already determined are not power scaled and/ordropped.

In some embodiments, regarding how a network can schedule power levelsbeyond minimum guaranteed levels without rolling a dice, it may bepossible for each CG to be able to independently acquire, estimate,and/or learn required statistics of the other CG scheduling behavior(e.g., based on PHR and/or an observation of a history of previousscheduling and transmission outcomes). Such embodiments may enable eachCG to push an RB allocation and/or MCS selection beyond a guaranteedpower (e.g., 20 dBm), and close to (but not necessarily equal to) amaximum UE output power (e.g., 23 dBm). In various embodiments,statistics may facilitate expressing whether drops come from a UEmissing a grant vs. dynamic NR-DC power sharing. In certain embodiments,a network may configure (e.g., reconfigure) minimum and/or maximumlimits over time to improve performance. In some embodiments, HARQoperation may facilitate recovering failed transmissions.

Various embodiments may use NR-DC dynamic power sharing withoutlook-ahead. In one embodiment, if a transmit power for an ULtransmission occasion i1 on a CG satisfies:

${{P\left( {i\; 1} \right)} > {\min \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{P_{{{NR} - {DC}},{Total}} - P_{{CG},\min,{other},}} \\{P_{{{NR} - {DC}},{Total}} - {\sum\limits_{{i\; 2}:{past}}{P\left( {i\; 2} \right)}}}\end{matrix} - {\sum\limits_{{{i\; 2}:{concurrent}},{high}}{P\left( {i\; 2} \right)}}} \right\}}},$

then, a UE reduces the transmit power for the UL transmission occasioni1 so that

${{P\left( {i\; 1} \right)} \leq {\min \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{P_{{{NR} - {DC}},{Total}} - P_{{CG},\min,{other},}} \\{P_{{{NR} - {DC}},{Total}} - {\sum\limits_{{i\; 2}:{past}}{P\left( {i\; 2} \right)}}}\end{matrix} - {\sum\limits_{{{i\; 2}:{concurrent}},{high}}{P\left( {i\; 2} \right)}}} \right\}}},$

where: P(i) denotes the transmit power for an UL transmission occasion ion a CG; P_(NR-DC,Total) denotes a configured maximum power for NR-DCoperation in a corresponding FR1+FR1 band combination.

In certain embodiments, for any given UL transmission occasion i1 on anyCG, P_(CG,min,other) denotes a configured minimum power, reserved power,and/or guaranteed power for another CG.

In some embodiments, for any given UL transmission occasion i on any CG,scheduling, triggering, and/or configuration information may correspondto a dynamic grant (e.g., DL or UL DCI) or higher layer signaling (e.g.,RRC configuration for configured grant PUSCH) that schedules the ULtransmission occasion i.

In various embodiments, for any given UL transmission occasion i1 on anyCG, i2: past may refer to all UL transmission occasions i2 on the sameCG or another CG that: a) overlap with transmission occasion i1; and b)whose scheduling, triggering, and/or configuration information isreceived at a UE before the scheduling, triggering, and/or configurationinformation for UL transmission occasion i1 is received at the UE.

In certain embodiments, the following time references (or cut-off timesor triggering times) may be considered for different UL transmissions sothat the UE determines power for an UL transmission only based on higherlayer signaling for UL transmissions and downlink control informationreceived before and up to: a) a reception time of a PDCCH (e.g., end ofthe reception of the last symbol of the PDCCH carrying the DCIassociated with the transmission, or beginning of the reception of thefirst and/or starting symbol of the PDCCH carrying the DCI associatedwith the transmission) for a dynamically scheduled PUSCH, foraperiodic-SRS, or for PUCCH carrying HARQ-ACK; b) a starting symbol ofthe UL transmission minus one of (i) a minimum common configured K2value (e.g., the minimum of the values provided by k2 inPUSCH-ConfigCommon value in slots, or in terms of a number of symbols—anumber of symbols equal to the product of a number of symbols per slot,N_(symb) ^(slot), and the minimum of the values provided by k2), (ii)PUSCH processing and/or preparation time T_(proc,2), (iii) an updatedversion of PUSCH processing and/or preparation time T′_(proc,2) as usedto define PHR cut-off time for a configured grant PUSCH, (iv) UEprocessing time parameter N2 based on UE capability, (v) a number of [Y]symbols, where [Y] is specified, configured, or reported as a UEcapability, or a combination and/or function thereof, for aconfigured-grant PUSCH, for periodic SRS, semi-persistent SRS, or forPUCCH without HARQ-ACK; c) the last symbol of PDCCH that schedulesand/or in response to which a transmission of a PUCCH or a correspondingprevious PDSCH plus in some embodiments one of (i) UE processing timeparameter N1 based on UE capability, (ii) UE processing time parameterN2 based on UE capability, (iii) T_(proc,1) ^(max), T_(proc,2) ^(mux),T_(proc,CSI) ^(mux), T_(proc,CSI), or Z′_(proc,CSI) ^(mux) for UCImultiplexing, (iii) a number of [X] symbols/slots, where [X] isspecified or configured or reported as a UE capability, or a combinationand/or function thereof (in some embodiments, no additional time isadded to the last symbol of PDCCH that schedules and/or in response towhich a transmission of a PUCCH or a corresponding previous PDSCH) forPUCCH, PUCCH overlapping with PUSCH, UCI multiplexing, or PUCCH group;and/or d) the starting symbol of PRACH transmission minus one of (i)Δ_(Delay) for PRACH (e.g., for communication with higher layers), (ii)PUSCH processing time parameter N2 or N_(T,2) based on UE capability,(iii) Δ_(BWPSwitching) for BWP switching time, (v) a combination ofitems (i, ii) or (i, ii iii) (e.g., their summation), (vi) minimumcommon configured K2 value, (vii) a number of [Y] symbols/slots in anumerology of an active BWP or in a reference numerology (e.g., 15 kHz)(e.g., Y=1 slot), or (viii) any combination thereof for PRACH inresponse to a PDCCH order or for PRACH that is not in response to aPDCCH order (which terms to use from the list above or how to combinesome terms might depend on whether or not the PRACH is in response to aPDCCH order).

In some embodiments, for cross-carrier scheduling with and/or withoutdifferent numerologies, parameters may be considered to belong to ascheduled cell (e.g., where a transmission takes place). In variousembodiments, parameters may be considered to belong to (i) thescheduling cell, or (ii) the scheduled or scheduling cell that has thelower and/or the higher subcarrier spacing.

In certain embodiments, for any given UL transmission occasion i1 on anyCG, i2: concurrent, high may denote all UL transmission occasions i2 onthe same CG or another CG that: a) overlap with transmission occasioni1; b) whose scheduling, triggering, and/or configuration information isreceived by the UE at the same time if the scheduling, triggering,and/or configuration information for UL transmission occasion i1 isreceived at the UE; and/or c) which are higher priority than ULtransmission occasion i1 per pre-defined priority order rules. In someembodiments, if there is the same priority order and for operation withdual connectivity, a UE prioritizes power allocation for transmissionson an MCG over transmissions on an SCG.

In various embodiments, if there are multiple transmission occasions i1on the same CG that: overlap in time; are scheduled, triggered, and/orconfigured at the same time; and are at the same priority level perpre-defined priority order rules, then P(i1) denotes a total power forall such transmission occasions (e.g., the sum of the linear values ofUE transmit powers for those UL transmission occasions). Power scalingor dropping among such transmission occasions may be up to UEimplementation.

Various embodiments may use NR-DC dynamic power sharing with look-ahead.In one embodiment, if the transmit power for an UL transmission occasioni1 on a CG satisfies:

${{P\left( {i\; 1} \right)} > {\min \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{P_{{{NR} - {DC}},{Total}} - P_{{CG},\min,{other},}} \\{P_{{{NR} - {DC}},{Total}} - {\sum\limits_{{i\; 2}:{past}}{P\left( {i\; 2} \right)}}}\end{matrix} - {\sum\limits_{{{i\; 2}:{concurrent}},{high}}{P\left( {i\; 2} \right)}}} \right\}}},$

then, the UE reduces the transmit power for the UL transmission occasioni1 so that

${{P\left( {i\; 1} \right)} \leq {\min \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{P_{{{NR} - {DC}},{Total}} - P_{{CG},\min,{other},}} \\{P_{{{NR} - {DC}},{Total}} - {\sum\limits_{{i\; 2}:{past}}{P\left( {i\; 2} \right)}}}\end{matrix} - {\sum\limits_{{{i\; 2}:{concurrent}},{high}}{P\left( {i\; 2} \right)}}} \right\}}},$

where: P(i) denotes the transmit power for an UL transmission occasion ion a CG; P_(NR-DC,Total) denotes a configured maximum power for NR-DCoperation in a corresponding FR1+FR1 band combination.

In certain embodiments, for any given UL transmission occasion i1 on anyCG, P_(CG,min,other) denotes a configured minimum power, reserved power,and/or guaranteed power for another CG.

In some embodiments, for any given UL transmission occasion i on any CG,scheduling, triggering, and/or configuration information may correspondto a dynamic grant (e.g., UL DCI) or higher layer signaling (e.g., RRCconfiguration for configured grant PUSCH) that schedules the ULtransmission occasion i.

In various embodiments, for any given UL transmission occasion i1 on anyCG, NR-DC power determination cut-off time may be a last symbol at whichtransmit power for the UL transmission occasion i1 is decided and cannotbe re-adjusted after that. It may be defined in terms of a number of [X]symbols after scheduling, triggering, and/or configuration informationfor UL transmission occasion i1 is received at the UE, or as a number of[Y] symbols before the start of the UL transmission occasion i1, where[X] and [Y] may be specified, configured, or reported as a UEcapability. One possible value for [Y] is T′_(proc,2).

In certain embodiments, the following time references (or cut-off timesor triggering times) may be considered for different UL transmissions sothat the UE determines power for an UL transmission only based on thehigher layer signaling for UL transmissions and downlink controlinformation received before and up to: a) a starting symbol of the ULtransmission minus one of (i) a minimum common configured K2 value(e.g., the minimum of the values provided by k2 in PUSCH-ConfigCommonvalue in slots, or in terms of a number of symbols—a number of symbolsequal to the product of a number of symbols per slot, N_(symb) ^(slot),and the minimum of the values provided by k2), (ii) PUSCH processingand/or preparation time T_(proc,2), (iii) an updated version of PUSCHprocessing and/or preparation time T′_(proc,2) as used to define PHRcut-off time for a configured grant PUSCH, (iv) UE processing timeparameter N2 based on UE capability, (v) a number of [Y] symbols, where[Y] is specified, configured, or reported as a UE capability, or acombination and/or function thereof, for a dynamically scheduled PUSCH,for aperiodic-SRS, or for PUCCH carrying HARQ-ACK; also for aconfigured-grant PUSCH, for periodic SRS, for semi-persistent SRS, orfor PUCCH without HARQ-ACK; b) the last symbol of PDCCH that schedulesand/or in response to which a transmission of a PUCCH or a correspondingprevious PDSCH plus one of (i) UE processing time parameter N1 based onUE capability, (ii) UE processing time parameter N2 based on UEcapability, (iii) T_(proc,1) ^(mux), T_(proc,2) ^(mux), T_(proc,CSI)^(mux), T_(proc,CSI), or Z′_(proc,CSI) ^(mux) for UCI multiplexing,(iii) a number of [X] symbols/slots, where [X] is specified orconfigured or reported as a UE capability, or a combination and/orfunction thereof, for PUCCH, PUCCH overlapping with PUSCH, UCImultiplexing, or a PUCCH group; c) the starting symbol of PUCCH or PUSCHin response to a detected PDCCH, DCI format, or a corresponding previousPDSCH minus one of (i) a UE processing time parameter N1 based on a UEcapability, (ii) a UE processing time parameter N2 based on UEcapability, (iii) T_(proc,1) ^(mux), T_(proc,2) ^(mux), T_(proc,CSI)^(mux), T_(proc,CSI), or Z′_(proc,CSI) ^(mux) for UCI multiplexing,(iii) a number of [X] symbols/slots, where [X] is specified orconfigured or reported as a UE capability, or a combination and/orfunction thereof, for PUCCH, PUCCH overlapping with PUSCH, UCImultiplexing, or a PUCCH group; and/or d) the starting symbol of PRACHtransmission minus one of (i) Δ_(Delay) for PRACH (e.g., forcommunication with higher layers), (ii) PUSCH processing time parameterN2 or N_(T,2) based on a UE capability, (iii) Δ_(BWPSwitching) for a BWPswitching time, (v) a combination of items (i, ii) or (i, ii iii) (e.g.,their summation), (vi) a minimum common configured K2 value, (vii) anumber of [Y] symbols/slots in the numerology of the active BWP or in areference numerology (e.g., 15 kHz) (e.g., Y=1 slot), and/or (viii) somecombination thereof, for PRACH in response to a PDCCH order or for PRACHthat is not in response to a PDCCH order (which terms to use from thelist above or how to combine some terms might depend on whether thePRACH is in response to a PDCCH order or not).

In some embodiments, for cross-carrier scheduling with and/or withoutdifferent numerologies, parameters may be considered to belong to ascheduled cell (e.g., where a transmission takes place). In variousembodiments, parameters may be considered to belong to (i) thescheduling cell, or (ii) the scheduled or scheduling cell that has thelower and/or the higher subcarrier spacing.

In certain embodiments, for any given UL transmission occasion i1 on anyCG, i2: past may denote all UL transmission occasions i2 on the same CGor another CG that: a) overlap with transmission occasion i1; and b)whose power determination cut-off times are reached and/or expiredbefore the power determination cut-off time for UL transmission occasioni1.

In various embodiments, for any given UL transmission occasion i1 on anyCG, i2: concurrent, high may denote all UL transmission occasions i2 onthe same CG or another CG that: a) overlap with transmission occasioni1; b) whose power determination cut-off times are after the powerdetermination cut-off time for UL transmission occasion i1, but whosescheduling information is received at a UE before or up to the powerdetermination cut-off time” for UL transmission occasion i1; and c)which are higher priority than UL transmission occasion i1 perpre-defined priority order rules. If a same priority order and foroperation with dual connectivity, a UE prioritizes power allocation fortransmissions on an MCG over transmissions on an SCG.

In some embodiments, if there are multiple transmission occasions i1 onthe same CG that: overlap in time; whose power determination cut-offtimes are at the same time; and are at the same priority level perpre-defined priority order rules, then P(i1) denotes a total power forall such UL transmission occasions (e.g., a sum of linear values of UEtransmit powers for those UL transmission occasions). Power scaling ordropping among such transmission occasions may be up to UEimplementation.

Various embodiments may use settings for open-loop and closed-loop PCfor virtual PHR.

In certain embodiments, a virtual PHR in a carrier aggregation scenario(or single-cell but with SUL if reporting one PHR per uplink carrier)may be a PHR with respect to a reference format UL transmission. In someembodiments, a P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,f,c) (e.g., a cell-specific componentof P0) for PUSCH PHR (e.g., Type-1 PHR) may be based on P0_nominal_msg3(or P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,f,c)(0)). However, P0_nominal for Msg3 may onlydefine a serving cell with RACH configuration. If RACH is not configuredon a serving cell, then virtual PHR may be defined with respect toP0_nominal_PUSCH for grant-based PUSCH captured by p0-NominalWithGrant.This parameter may be safely assumed by a UE to be configured since aPUSCH PHR reporting implies that the UE is already configured for PUSCHand PUSCH power control parameters including p0-NominalWithGrant.

In various embodiments, a value of closed-loop adjustment statef_(b,f,c)(i,l) may be defined for virtual PHR for both Type-1 PHR (e.g.,PUSCH PHR) and Type-3 PHR (e.g., SRS PHR). For a virtual PHR, there maybe no transmission occasion i scheduled or configured for a UE. Incertain embodiments, a value of f_(b,f,c)(i,l)=f_(b,f,c)(i−1,l) (e.g., avalue of a CL-PC adjustment state at an immediately previoustransmission occasion before PHR cut-off time, which is an actualscheduled and/or configured transmission occasion). In some embodiments,no TPC command value received after transmission occasion (i−1) is notaccounted for. PHR cut-off time may be a time reference at which actualand/or virtual PHR is predetermined.

In various embodiments, for virtual Type-1 PHR (e.g., PUSCH PHR), if aUE determines that a Type 1 power headroom report for an activatedserving cell is based on a reference PUSCH transmission then, for PUSCHtransmission occasion i on active UL BWP b of carrier f of serving cellc, the UE computes the Type 1 power headroom report as

PH _(type1,b,f,c)(i,j,q _(d) ,l)={tilde over (P)} _(CMAX,f,c)(i)−{P_(O_PUSCHb,f,c)(j)+α_(b,f,c)(j)·PL _(b,f,c)(q _(d))+f _(b,f,c)(i,l)}[dB], [dB],

where {tilde over (P)}_(CMAx,f,c)(i) is computed assuming MPR=0 dB,A-MPR=0 dB, P-MPR=0 dB. ΔTC=0 dB. MPR, A-MPR, P-MPR, and ΔTC may bepredefined. The remaining parameters may be defined such thatP_(O_PUSCH,b,f,c)(j) and α_(b,f,c)(j) are obtained usingP_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,f,c)(0) for an uplink carrier f of an activatedserving cell c with RACH configuration, otherwise usingP_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH,f,c)(j) value provided by p0-NominalWithGrant, andp0-PUSCH-AlphaSetId=0, PL_(b,f,c)(q_(d)) is obtained usingPathlossReferenceRS-Id=0, and l=0 using f_(b,f,c)(i,l)=f_(b,f,c)(i−1,l).

In some embodiments, for virtual Type-3 PHR (e.g., SRS PHR), if a UEdetermines that a Type 3 power headroom report for an activated servingcell is based on a reference SRS transmission then, for SRS transmissionoccasion i on UL BWP b of carrier f of serving cell c, and if the UE isnot configured for PUSCH transmissions on UL BWP b of carrier f ofserving cell c, the UE computes a Type 3 power headroom report as

PH _(type3,b,f,c)(i,q _(s))={tilde over (P)} _(CMAX,f,c)(i)−{P_(O_PUSCHb,f,c)(q _(s))+α_(SRSb,f,c)(q _(s))·PL _(b,f,c)(q _(d))+h_(b,f,c)(i)} [dB], [dB],

where q_(s) is a SRS resource set corresponding to SRS-ResourceSetId=0for UL BWP b and P_(O_SRSb,f,c)(q_(s)), α_(SRS,f,c)(q_(s))PL_(b,f,c)(q_(d)) and h_(,b,f,c)(i) are predefined with correspondingvalues obtained from SRS-ResourceSetId=0 for UL BWP b and usingh_(b,f,c)(i)=h_(b,f,c)(i−1). {tilde over (P)}_(CMAX,f,c)(i) is computedassuming MPR=0 dB, A-MPR=0 dB, P-MPR=0 dB, and ΔTC=0 dB. MPR, A-MPR,P-MPR and ΔTC are predefined. Similar method of computation as appliedto Type-1 PHR and Type-2 PHR may be applied to a Type-2 PHR.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method400 for transmission power for dual connectivity. In some embodiments,the method 400 is performed by an apparatus, such as the remote unit102. In certain embodiments, the method 400 may be performed by aprocessor executing program code, for example, a microcontroller, amicroprocessor, a CPU, a GPU, an auxiliary processing unit, a FPGA, orthe like.

In various embodiments, the method 400 includes operating 402 a userequipment with dual connectivity comprising connectivity with a firstcell group and a second cell group. In certain embodiments, the method400 includes receiving 404 a configuration message configuring the userequipment with a first maximum transmission power for transmissions onthe first cell group, and a second maximum transmission power fortransmissions on the second cell group. In some embodiments, the method400 includes determining 406, at a user equipment, a transmission timefor a first transmission on a first serving cell of the first cellgroup. In various embodiments, the method 400 includes determining 408 acut-off time for power determination for the first transmission, whereinthe cut-off time is based on the transmission time for the firsttransmission offset by an offset time, and the offset time is based on afunction of a first user equipment processing time and a second userequipment processing time. In certain embodiments, the method 400includes determining 410 at least a second transmission on a secondserving cell of the second cell group that overlaps with the firsttransmission, wherein scheduling information, transmission information,or a combination thereof of the at least second transmission is knownbefore the cut-off time for power determination. In some embodiments,the method 400 includes determining 412 a maximum transmission power forthe first transmission based on the received first maximum transmissionpower for transmissions on the first cell group, a total transmissionpower allocated to the at least second transmission on the second cellgroup, a configured maximum transmission power for dual connectivityoperation, or some combination thereof. In various embodiments, themethod 400 includes performing 414 the first transmission based on thedetermined maximum transmission power.

In certain embodiments, the method 400 further comprises receiving apower sharing mode configuration parameter indicating that the userequipment is configured for a semi-static power sharing operation or adynamic power sharing operation with dual connectivity. In someembodiments, the method 400 includes, in response to receiving the powersharing mode configuration parameter indicating that the user equipmentis configured for the dynamic power sharing operation, determining thecut-off time for power determination for the first transmission. Invarious embodiments, the method 400 includes, in response to receivingthe power sharing mode configuration parameter indicating that the userequipment is configured for the semi-static power sharing operation,determining that the maximum transmission power for the firsttransmission is the received first maximum transmission power fortransmissions on the first cell group.

In one embodiment, the offset time comprises a first offset time or asecond offset time. In certain embodiments, the first offset time is fordynamic power sharing without look-ahead operation, the second offsettime is for dynamic power sharing with look-ahead operation, and thefirst offset time is larger than the second offset time. In someembodiments, the first user equipment processing time and the seconduser equipment processing time are different, and the first userequipment processing time and the second user equipment processing timeare selected from a group comprising: a physical uplink shared channelpreparation time without control information multiplexing (T_(proc,2)),a physical uplink shared channel preparation time with controlinformation other than aperiodic channel state information multiplexingand overlapping physical uplink control and physical uplink sharedchannels (T_(proc,2) ^(mux)), a physical uplink shared channelpreparation time with aperiodic channel state information multiplexingand overlapping physical uplink control and physical uplink sharedchannels (T_(proc,CSI) ^(mux)), a physical uplink shared channelpreparation time with control information (T_(proc,CSI)), and a numberof symbol duration time.

In various embodiments, the method 400 further comprises operating thefirst cell group and the second group in a same frequency range, whereinthe frequency range is a first frequency range or a second frequencyrange. In one embodiment, the first cell group is a secondary cellgroup, and the second cell group is a master cell group, and the methodfurther comprises: determining whether a total user equipment transmitpower for transmissions exceeds a maximum user equipment output power,wherein the transmissions comprise the first transmission on thesecondary cell group and the at least second transmission on the mastercell group; and in response to determining that the total user equipmenttransmit power for transmissions exceeds the maximum user equipmentoutput power, prioritizing power allocation for the at least secondtransmission on the master cell group over the first transmission on thesecondary cell group.

In certain embodiments, the method 400 further comprises: determining athird transmission on the first cell group that overlaps with the firsttransmission; determining a priority level for the first transmissionand the third transmission based on a pre-defined priority order; andprioritizing power allocation for the first transmission and the thirdtransmission based on the determined priority level. In someembodiments, the cut-off time for power determination for the firsttransmission is based on a numerology of the first serving cell of thefirst cell group on which the first transmission occurs and a numerologyof a cell of the first cell group that schedules or configures the firsttransmission.

In various embodiments, determining the maximum transmission power forthe first transmission is exclusive of any transmissions that overlapwith the first transmission and for which the scheduling information,the transmission information, or a combination thereof is known afterthe determined cut-off time for power determination. In one embodiment,the determined cut-off time for power determination corresponds to atime instant at which the scheduling information, the transmissioninformation, or a combination thereof of the first transmission isreceived.

In one embodiment, a method comprises: operating a user equipment withdual connectivity comprising connectivity with a first cell group and asecond cell group; receiving a configuration message (e.g., a higherlayer configuration message, where the higher layer is higher than aphysical layer) configuring the user equipment with a first maximumtransmission power for transmissions on the first cell group, and asecond maximum transmission power for transmissions on the second cellgroup; determining, at a user equipment, a transmission time for a firsttransmission on a first serving cell of the first cell group;determining a cut-off time for power determination for the firsttransmission, wherein the cut-off time is based on the transmission timefor the first transmission offset by an offset time, and the offset timeis based on a function of a first user equipment processing time and asecond user equipment processing time; determining at least a secondtransmission on a second serving cell of the second cell group thatoverlaps with the first transmission, wherein scheduling information,transmission information, or a combination thereof of the at leastsecond transmission is known before the cut-off time for powerdetermination; determining a maximum transmission power for the firsttransmission based on the received first maximum transmission power fortransmissions on the first cell group, a total transmission powerallocated to the at least second transmission on the second cell group,a configured maximum transmission power for dual connectivity operation,or some combination thereof; and performing the first transmission basedon the determined maximum transmission power.

In certain embodiments, the method further comprises receiving a powersharing mode configuration parameter (e.g., a higher layer power sharingmode configuration parameter) indicating that the user equipment isconfigured for a semi-static power sharing operation or a dynamic powersharing operation with dual connectivity.

In some embodiments, the method includes, in response to receiving thepower sharing mode configuration parameter indicating that the userequipment is configured for the dynamic power sharing operation,determining the cut-off time for power determination for the firsttransmission.

In various embodiments, the method includes, in response to receivingthe power sharing mode configuration parameter indicating that the userequipment is configured for the semi-static power sharing operation,determining that the maximum transmission power for the firsttransmission is the received first maximum transmission power fortransmissions on the first cell group.

In one embodiment, the offset time comprises a first offset time or asecond offset time.

In certain embodiments, the first offset time is for dynamic powersharing without look-ahead operation, the second offset time is fordynamic power sharing with look-ahead operation, and the first offsettime is larger than the second offset time.

In some embodiments, the first user equipment processing time and thesecond user equipment processing time are different, and the first userequipment processing time and the second user equipment processing timeare selected from a group comprising: a physical uplink shared channelpreparation time without control information multiplexing (T_(proc,2)),a physical uplink shared channel preparation time with controlinformation other than aperiodic channel state information multiplexingand overlapping physical uplink control and physical uplink sharedchannels (T_(proc,2) ^(mux)), a physical uplink shared channelpreparation time with aperiodic channel state information multiplexingand overlapping physical uplink control and physical uplink sharedchannels (T_(proc,CSI) ^(mux)), a physical uplink shared channelpreparation time with control information(T_(proc,CSIz), and a number of symbol duration time.)

In various embodiments, the method further comprises operating the firstcell group and the second group in a same frequency range, wherein thefrequency range is a first frequency range or a second frequency range.

In one embodiment, the first cell group is a secondary cell group, andthe second cell group is a master cell group, and the method furthercomprises: determining whether a total user equipment transmit power fortransmissions exceeds a maximum user equipment output power, wherein thetransmissions comprise the first transmission on the secondary cellgroup and the at least second transmission on the master cell group; andin response to determining that the total user equipment transmit powerfor transmissions exceeds the maximum user equipment output power,prioritizing power allocation for the at least second transmission onthe master cell group over the first transmission on the secondary cellgroup.

In certain embodiments, the method further comprises: determining athird transmission on the first cell group that overlaps with the firsttransmission; determining a priority level for the first transmissionand the third transmission based on a pre-defined priority order; andprioritizing power allocation for the first transmission and the thirdtransmission based on the determined priority level.

In some embodiments, the cut-off time for power determination for thefirst transmission is based on a numerology of the first serving cell ofthe first cell group on which the first transmission occurs and anumerology of a cell of the first cell group that schedules orconfigures the first transmission.

In various embodiments, determining the maximum transmission power forthe first transmission is exclusive of any transmissions that overlapwith the first transmission and for which the scheduling information,the transmission information, or a combination thereof is known afterthe determined cut-off time for power determination.

In one embodiment, the determined cut-off time for power determinationcorresponds to a time instant at which the scheduling information, thetransmission information, or a combination thereof of the firsttransmission is received.

In one embodiment, an apparatus comprises a user equipment, wherein theapparatus further comprises: a processor that operates the apparatuswith dual connectivity comprising connectivity with a first cell groupand a second cell group; and a receiver that receives a configurationmessage configuring the apparatus with a first maximum transmissionpower for transmissions on the first cell group, and a second maximumtransmission power for transmissions on the second cell group; whereinthe processor: determines a transmission time for a first transmissionon a first serving cell of the first cell group; determines a cut-offtime for power determination for the first transmission, wherein thecut-off time is based on the transmission time for the firsttransmission offset by an offset time, and the offset time is based on afunction of a first user equipment processing time and a second userequipment processing time; determines at least a second transmission ona second serving cell of the second cell group that overlaps with thefirst transmission, wherein scheduling information, transmissioninformation, or a combination thereof of the at least secondtransmission is known before the cut-off time for power determination;determines a maximum transmission power for the first transmission basedon the received first maximum transmission power for transmissions onthe first cell group, a total transmission power allocated to the atleast second transmission on the second cell group, a configured maximumtransmission power for dual connectivity operation, or some combinationthereof; and performs the first transmission based on the determinedmaximum transmission power.

In certain embodiments, the receiver receives a power sharing modeconfiguration parameter indicating that the apparatus is configured fora semi-static power sharing operation or a dynamic power sharingoperation with dual connectivity.

In some embodiments, in response to the receiver receiving the powersharing mode configuration parameter indicating that the apparatus isconfigured for the dynamic power sharing operation, the processordetermines the cut-off time for power determination for the firsttransmission.

In various embodiments, in response to the receiver receiving the powersharing mode configuration parameter indicating that the apparatus isconfigured for the semi-static power sharing operation, the processordetermines that the maximum transmission power for the firsttransmission is the received first maximum transmission power fortransmissions on the first cell group.

In one embodiment, the offset time comprises a first offset time or asecond offset time.

In certain embodiments, the first offset time is for dynamic powersharing without look-ahead operation, the second offset time is fordynamic power sharing with look-ahead operation, and the first offsettime is larger than the second offset time.

In some embodiments, the first user equipment processing time and thesecond user equipment processing time are different, and the first userequipment processing time and the second user equipment processing timeare selected from a group comprising: a physical uplink shared channelpreparation time without control information multiplexing (T_(proc,2)),a physical uplink shared channel preparation time with controlinformation other than aperiodic channel state information multiplexingand overlapping physical uplink control and physical uplink sharedchannels (T_(proc,2) ^(mux)), a physical uplink shared channelpreparation time with aperiodic channel state information multiplexingand overlapping physical uplink control and physical uplink sharedchannels (T_(proc,CSI) ^(mux)), a physical uplink shared channelpreparation time with control information (T_(proc,CSI)), and a numberof symbol duration time.

In various embodiments, the processor operates the first cell group andthe second group in a same frequency range, and the frequency range is afirst frequency range or a second frequency range.

In one embodiment, the first cell group is a secondary cell group, andthe second cell group is a master cell group, and the processor:determines whether a total user equipment transmit power fortransmissions exceeds a maximum user equipment output power, wherein thetransmissions comprise the first transmission on the secondary cellgroup and the at least second transmission on the master cell group; andin response to determining that the total user equipment transmit powerfor transmissions exceeds the maximum user equipment output power,prioritizes power allocation for the at least second transmission on themaster cell group over the first transmission on the secondary cellgroup.

In certain embodiments, the processor: determines a third transmissionon the first cell group that overlaps with the first transmission;determines a priority level for the first transmission and the thirdtransmission based on a pre-defined priority order; and prioritizespower allocation for the first transmission and the third transmissionbased on the determined priority level.

In some embodiments, the cut-off time for power determination for thefirst transmission is based on a numerology of the first serving cell ofthe first cell group on which the first transmission occurs and anumerology of a cell of the first cell group that schedules orconfigures the first transmission.

In various embodiments, the processor determining the maximumtransmission power for the first transmission is exclusive of anytransmissions that overlap with the first transmission and for which thescheduling information, the transmission information, or a combinationthereof is known after the determined cut-off time for powerdetermination.

In one embodiment, the determined cut-off time for power determinationcorresponds to a time instant at which the scheduling information, thetransmission information, or a combination thereof of the firsttransmission is received.

Embodiments may be practiced in other specific forms. The describedembodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrativeand not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicatedby the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. Allchanges which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of theclaims are to be embraced within their scope.

1. A method comprising: operating a user equipment with dualconnectivity comprising connectivity with a first cell group and asecond cell group; receiving a configuration message configuring theuser equipment with a first maximum transmission power for transmissionson the first cell group, and a second maximum transmission power fortransmissions on the second cell group; determining, at a userequipment, a transmission time for a first transmission on a firstserving cell of the first cell group; determining a cut-off time forpower determination for the first transmission, wherein the cut-off timeis based on the transmission time for the first transmission offset byan offset time, and the offset time is based on a function of a firstuser equipment processing time and a second user equipment processingtime; determining at least a second transmission on a second servingcell of the second cell group that overlaps with the first transmission,wherein scheduling information, transmission information, or acombination thereof of the at least second transmission is known beforethe cut-off time for power determination; determining a maximumtransmission power for the first transmission based on the receivedfirst maximum transmission power for transmissions on the first cellgroup, a total transmission power allocated to the at least secondtransmission on the second cell group, a configured maximum transmissionpower for dual connectivity operation, or some combination thereof; andperforming the first transmission based on the determined maximumtransmission power.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprisingreceiving a power sharing mode configuration parameter indicating thatthe user equipment is configured for a semi-static power sharingoperation or a dynamic power sharing operation with dual connectivity.3. The method of claim 2, wherein, in response to receiving the powersharing mode configuration parameter indicating that the user equipmentis configured for the dynamic power sharing operation, determining thecut-off time for power determination for the first transmission.
 4. Themethod of claim 2, wherein, in response to receiving the power sharingmode configuration parameter indicating that the user equipment isconfigured for the semi-static power sharing operation, determining thatthe maximum transmission power for the first transmission is thereceived first maximum transmission power for transmissions on the firstcell group.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the offset time comprisesa first offset time or a second offset time.
 6. The method of claim 5,wherein the first offset time is for dynamic power sharing withoutlook-ahead operation, the second offset time is for dynamic powersharing with look-ahead operation, and the first offset time is largerthan the second offset time.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the firstuser equipment processing time and the second user equipment processingtime are different, and the first user equipment processing time and thesecond user equipment processing time are selected from a groupcomprising: a physical uplink shared channel preparation time withoutcontrol information multiplexing (T_(proc,2)), a physical uplink sharedchannel preparation time with control information other than aperiodicchannel state information multiplexing and overlapping physical uplinkcontrol and physical uplink shared channels (T_(proc,2) ^(mux)), aphysical uplink shared channel preparation time with aperiodic channelstate information multiplexing and overlapping physical uplink controland physical uplink shared channels (T_(proc,CSI) ^(mux)), a physicaluplink shared channel preparation time with control information(T_(proc,CSI)), and a number of symbol duration time.
 8. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the first cell group is a secondary cell group, and thesecond cell group is a master cell group, and the method furthercomprises: determining whether a total user equipment transmit power fortransmissions exceeds a maximum user equipment output power, wherein thetransmissions comprise the first transmission on the secondary cellgroup and the at least second transmission on the master cell group; andin response to determining that the total user equipment transmit powerfor transmissions exceeds the maximum user equipment output power,prioritizing power allocation for the at least second transmission onthe master cell group over the first transmission on the secondary cellgroup.
 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: determining a thirdtransmission on the first cell group that overlaps with the firsttransmission; determining a priority level for the first transmissionand the third transmission based on a pre-defined priority order; andprioritizing power allocation for the first transmission and the thirdtransmission based on the determined priority level.
 10. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the cut-off time for power determination for the firsttransmission is based on a numerology of the first serving cell of thefirst cell group on which the first transmission occurs and a numerologyof a cell of the first cell group that schedules or configures the firsttransmission.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the maximumtransmission power for the first transmission is exclusive of anytransmissions that overlap with the first transmission and for which thescheduling information, the transmission information, or a combinationthereof is known after the determined cut-off time for powerdetermination.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the determined cut-offtime for power determination corresponds to a time instant at which thescheduling information, the transmission information, or a combinationthereof of the first transmission is received.
 13. An apparatuscomprising a user equipment, wherein the apparatus further comprises: aprocessor that operates the apparatus with dual connectivity comprisingconnectivity with a first cell group and a second cell group; and areceiver that receives a configuration message configuring the apparatuswith a first maximum transmission power for transmissions on the firstcell group, and a second maximum transmission power for transmissions onthe second cell group; wherein the processor: determines a transmissiontime for a first transmission on a first serving cell of the first cellgroup; determines a cut-off time for power determination for the firsttransmission, wherein the cut-off time is based on the transmission timefor the first transmission offset by an offset time, and the offset timeis based on a function of a first user equipment processing time and asecond user equipment processing time; determines at least a secondtransmission on a second serving cell of the second cell group thatoverlaps with the first transmission, wherein scheduling information,transmission information, or a combination thereof of the at leastsecond transmission is known before the cut-off time for powerdetermination; determines a maximum transmission power for the firsttransmission based on the received first maximum transmission power fortransmissions on the first cell group, a total transmission powerallocated to the at least second transmission on the second cell group,a configured maximum transmission power for dual connectivity operation,or some combination thereof; and performs the first transmission basedon the determined maximum transmission power.
 14. The apparatus of claim13, wherein the receiver receives a power sharing mode configurationparameter indicating that the apparatus is configured for a semi-staticpower sharing operation or a dynamic power sharing operation with dualconnectivity.
 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein, in response to thereceiver receiving the power sharing mode configuration parameterindicating that the apparatus is configured for the dynamic powersharing operation, the processor determines the cut-off time for powerdetermination for the first transmission.
 16. The apparatus of claim 14,wherein, in response to the receiver receiving the power sharing modeconfiguration parameter indicating that the apparatus is configured forthe semi-static power sharing operation, the processor determines thatthe maximum transmission power for the first transmission is thereceived first maximum transmission power for transmissions on the firstcell group.
 17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the offset timecomprises a first offset time or a second offset time.
 18. The apparatusof claim 17, wherein the first offset time is for dynamic power sharingwithout look-ahead operation, the second offset time is for dynamicpower sharing with look-ahead operation, and the first offset time islarger than the second offset time.
 19. The apparatus of claim 13,wherein the first user equipment processing time and the second userequipment processing time are different, and the first user equipmentprocessing time and the second user equipment processing time areselected from a group comprising: a physical uplink shared channelpreparation time without control information multiplexing (T_(proc,2)),a physical uplink shared channel preparation time with controlinformation other than aperiodic channel state information multiplexingand overlapping physical uplink control and physical uplink sharedchannels (T_(proc,2) ^(mux)), a physical uplink shared channelpreparation time with aperiodic channel state information multiplexingand overlapping physical uplink control and physical uplink sharedchannels (T_(proc,CSI) ^(mux)), a physical uplink shared channelpreparation time with control information (T_(proc,CSI)), and a numberof symbol duration time.
 20. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein thefirst cell group is a secondary cell group, and the second cell group isa master cell group, and the processor: determines whether a total userequipment transmit power for transmissions exceeds a maximum userequipment output power, wherein the transmissions comprise the firsttransmission on the secondary cell group and the at least secondtransmission on the master cell group; and in response to determiningthat the total user equipment transmit power for transmissions exceedsthe maximum user equipment output power, prioritizes power allocationfor the at least second transmission on the master cell group over thefirst transmission on the secondary cell group.